Yeast Infections: Complete Guide to Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Are you experiencing itching, irritation and cottage cheese-like discharge? You’re not alone. Yeast infections in the intimate area, both in the vagina and on the vulva,are among the most common concerns women face. In fact, 3 out of 4 women will experience a yeast infection at some point in their lives.

In this post, we explain the difference between vaginal and vulvar yeast infections, answer your most common questions and share expert advice from the DeoDoc medical team.

What’s the difference between a vaginal and a vulvar yeast infection?

Vaginal yeast infection (vaginal candidiasis) means that the yeast, Candida albicans has multiplied inside of the vaginal canal.
Vulvar yeast infection affects the external genital area including the labias and the tissue surrounding the vaginal opening.

These two conditions can occur separately or at the same time. Knowing the difference is important, as symptoms and treatments may vary.

Why do yeast infections happen?

It can be frustrating to deal with recurrent yeast infections. But did you know that Candida is actually a natural part of the body’s microflora? Small amounts of yeast normally live in the vagina without causing problems. The issue arises when the balance in the vaginal microbiome is disrupted. That’s when the yeast can overgrow and cause an infection.

Dr. Hedieh Asadi, MD and co-founder of DeoDoc, explains:
“The vaginal environment is sensitive and easily affected by external factors like menstrual blood and semen. When the good bacteria,especially lactobacilli ,decrease, yeast has space to grow. That’s when symptoms can appear.”

Common triggers for yeast overgrowth:

Antibiotic use (known to kill good bacteria)
Hormonal changes (pregnancy, menstruation, birth control)
Stress or weakened immune system
Tight clothing and synthetic fabrics
Over-washing or use of regular soap

Symptoms – what should I look out for?

Vaginal yeast infection:

Itching and burning inside of the vagina
Thick, white discharge that can also be lumpy (often described as cottage cheese like in appearance)
Burning sensation during sex or urination
Interesting Fact: There is usually no strong odor

Vulvar yeast infection:

Redness, swelling, and itching in the external genital area
Burning or stinging when the area is touched (e.g. wiping after using the toilet)

Dr. Gunvor Ekman-Ordeberg, OB/GYN and professor at Karolinska Institutet, co-founder of DeoDoc:
“It’s important to pinpoint where the symptoms are. Is the irritation internal or external? That determines which treatment will be most effective.”

Treatment – what helps?

Vaginal yeast infections are usually treated with antifungal vaginal suppositories or creams.
Vulvar yeast infections are best treated with a topical antifungal cream applied directly to the affected area.

Prevention Tips

Avoid tight pants and synthetic underwear
Sleep without underwear to let the skin breathe
Use a pH-balanced intimate wash, not regular soap
Gently pat yourself dry instead of rubbing
Try an intimate oil if you suspect vulvar discomfort. In many cases, the issue is due to dryness rather than a fungal infection.
Avoid unnecessary use of over-the-counter antifungals as incorrect use can dry out the vulvar tissue and worsen irritation.
Sometimes, yeast infections can be triggered by external friction such as after cycling, frequent sex or wearing tight clothing. This can cause small microtears or irritation in the mucosa (external tissue), making it easier for yeast to adhere and cause symptoms.